Manufacture of ikon



, A. G. COOK. MANUFAGTURE OF IRON. v

No. 62,819. Patented Mar. 12. 1867.

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ANSO N- c. 0001;,- or BURLINGTON, VERMON Letters Ba'tent .No. 62,819, dated MarcIrIZ, 1867.

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TO ALL wHoM 1r MAY CONCERN: I v

I l v s I Be it known that I, A. G. 0001;, of the ci'ty'of Burlington, county of iGhittenden, nnd Stoteof Vermont, have invented a. new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Iron; sud I do hereby declare that the following is a. full, clear, and exact description of the oons'tructionand operation of the some, reference being had to the onn'exed drawing, making a. part of this specification, in which- Figure lis s. sectional perspective view of the rectifier, with the top or cover removed. Figure 2'is a. similar iew of the cover. I My invention relates to the construction of the rectifier-,tbthe process of mcnufactnref'nnd to the compo= sition used in such process, as hereinafter described, V

To en ohle others to use my invention, I will proceed to describe how the some may be carried out in practice; In the accompanying drawing, Arepresents' cease, whichonsy be modeof iron, of onysuitoble form or size; a. convenient size will hold, when lined, hereinafter described, from live to ten-jtons of melted iron. B is a. lining of firebrick covering the bottom, and G at similar lining tothe-sides of the case, said side lining being. provided with cavities or recess-es, (t, for t purpose hereinafter explained. D is'un opening or outlet atthe bottom of the case, through which the metal is drawn off after it has undergone the refining process. A! is the top or cover which is made to'fit closely on the case Said cover isnlso made of iron, and is provided with a series or number of points, flanges, or lips, as shown-at f in fig. 2 of the drawing. If the flanges are used they may be arranged to cross each other, orin anydesired manner, and are for the-purpose of holding the lining k, of

fire-clay, to theuiider face of the cover. The said cover is provided with a. funnel, a, through whichthe'melted ironis poured, or posses from a cupola furnace in which it ismelted, into the rectifier A. Said funnel is also lined with fire-clay, and the whole apparatus, when the cover is placed upon it, has a lining of fire-bric kor' fire clay, shown it B G, g 7:, whereby the melted iron is prerented from coming in content with the outer ironcase A. The top A is-provided with any desired nurnberof perforations, shown in'fig. 2, to allow the escop'e of the gases or other. products of combustionin the process horeinoftei' explained. I 11sec. composition consisting of the block oxide oi manganese and coal tar, which, to prevents. too rapid combustion, should be mixed with clay, or other suitable materiel for that purpose. 'This is placed in the cavities'c' in the side lining C after the rectifier has been properly heated. The rectifier is then filled with charcoal, and the cover is placed upon it and securely fastened, to prevent its rising'and ollowing'theohurcoalto float in' the process hereinafter explained.

The process is as follows: The iron, which may he of the commonest kind, sis magnetic iron ore mixed with nsmoll quantity of hematite iron, in the proportion say of two hundred pounds of hematite iron to the ton, is melted in the ordinary cupoln furnace, after which it is drnwnofi' and poured or otherwise conducted through the funnel a into the rectifier A, intowhich it passes, filling the interstices in end entirely submerging the charcoal therein, and producing a. rapid combustion thereof and of the composition in the recesses' of the lining G. The conditions of combustion are such as to increase the temperature of the melted iron, previously very highly heated in the cupoln furnace, andto cause the products thereof to pass through and thoroughly impreg note the mass of melted iron in the rectifier, and to remove, with the escaping products, such impurities as sulphur, phosphorus, 5110., conteinedtherein and also to reduce any oxide of iron foundinthe masso The combustion of the coal tar and charcoal serves to carbonize the melted iron, sud the combustion of the manganese, while assisting in the notion of cnrbonizing the iron, tends to remove the impurities referred to, and also to give the iron the requisite hardness. The melted iron, after being allowed to remain the required length of time in the rectifier to thoroughly slbsorh the'ccrbon and removo'the impurities, is drawn off at D into n pig-bed prepared for its receptiom'or into ladies, and poured into costings. The entire mass of iron in the rectifier is purified and carbonized alike; and any desired number of blasts may be made of thessme quality, the quality being governed by and dependent upon the amount of the composition employed in the process. The poorest quality of iron, either pig, scrop, or old' burned iron, such as gas retorts, may be used. Ordinarily, I use whet is termed magnetic iron, using, as above stated, only about two hundred pounds of hematite iron to the ton. The iron I produce is a. pure chercoalliron, of a. superior quality and temper, and at a cost materially less than that of the best American iron} und,--as has been demonstrated by actual experiment, steel or mallenble iron may be made by the some process, from wrought iron or from. cast iron made from the common magnetic iron ore.

'Hat'ingthus described myin'venti'on, what I claim, and-desire to'secnre by LettersPatent, is-

1. The rectifier, or apparatus 'consisting of-a chamber or vessel lined with fire-brick, and provided with recesses .a or their equivalent, substantially as described. I

2. The perforated-cover A provided with the points or flanges for securing thell'aing of fire-clay, substantially as described.

3, The process herein described of treating fnsed metal in a clcsed vessel or chamber containing charcoal or its equivalent, substantially asdescribed.

4. The employment or use of the conipcund of oxide of manganese andcoal tar, for the purpose of refining iron, substantially as described. I v

{ In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of January, 1861.

' ANSON G; 000K; 7 Witnesses:

T. E. WALES, W. L. Bcnmn. 

